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Comportamiento de la cognición y comorbilidad en pacientes con infarto cerebral hospitalizados. Seychelles 2010-2011
Resumen
Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del deterioro cognitivo y de la comorbilidad en pacientes con infarto cerebral hospitalizados.
Método: estudio descriptivo de 77 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica, ingresados entre abril del 2010 y diciembre del 2011, en el hospital general de Seychelles. Se analizó el comportamiento de esta enfermedad en relación con variables como: edad, presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, deterioro cognitivo, años de estudios terminados, hemisferio cerebral afectado y tiempo de evolución.
Resultados: el 68,9 % de los pacientes presentó deterior cognitivo; la edad media de estos fue de 74,2(±9,19) años frente a un 62,4(±14,2) para los que no tuvieron deterioro cognitivo. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo, con un índice de comorbilidad de Charlson en 2,11(±0,97). Se diagnosticaron con depresión 18 pacientes con deterioro cognitivo y 23 pacientes sin deterioro cognitivo.
Conclusiones: más de la mitad de los pacientes hospitalizados presentó deterioro cognitivo, la mayor parte previo a la enfermedad cerebrovascular. En este grupo de pacientes predominó el sexo masculino, se observó un incremento de la edad, de la severidad de la depresión, así como de la frecuencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, e infarto de tamaño considerable, con respecto a los pacientes sin deterioro cognitivo.
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